Cargo transfer system using a palletized rack

ABSTRACT

A system, method, and apparatus for palletizing cargo on a rack for shipment are provided. The system generally includes a tiered rack having a base tier, a support framework extending from the base tier, and a second tier adjustably attached to the support framework. The system may further include a plurality of lower frame support members positioned longitudinally across the bottom of the base tier, and a plurality of pneumatically actuated rollers spaced to cooperatively engage the plurality of lower frame support members, the rollers being selectively extendable from a plurality of raised tracks positioned longitudinally along a floor of the railcar, where the rollers are configured to pneumatically extend past an upper surface of the track when actuated and allow for linear motion there over.

BACKGROUND

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a cargo transfer apparatus, system, andmethod, each of which uses a tiered palletized rack to transport cargoor freight. Particularly, the present invention is directed to animproved apparatus, system, and method for the transport of cargobetween road and rail using a tiered palletized rack that allows forefficient loading and unloading of cargo into railcars without aforklift entering into the railcar.

2. Description of Related Art

The use of railways to transport cargo has long been known in the art.Railway transport has the advantage that large amounts of cargo may betransferred on more or less direct routes between rail served origin anddestination locations. This has long provided shippers with lowertransportation costs due to the economies of scale rail service providesover road transportation alternatives.

However, a challenge with conventional rail transportation methods isthat the current system lacks an efficient method for loading and safelytransporting palletized freight. One method involves loading palletsinto a shipping container, such as the standard 20 ft and 40 ft seacontainers, and then loading the sea container onto a flat car for railtransport. However, this method obviously has the disadvantage ofadditional loading and unloading efforts associated with the container.More often than not, palletized freight is transported in box cars.However, this method also provides challenges in that the process ofloading and unloading box cars with palletized freight is not efficientand often causes damage to the box cars or the freight as a result ofthe small area available to maneuver the pallet loading equipment, i.e.,forklifts.

Another area where palletized freight presents challenges fortransportation is in the refrigerated freight area. Refrigerated freightis often perishable, fragile, and difficult to stack for efficient useof space in railcars. Additionally, refrigerated freight requiresparticular spacing for shipment to allow for refrigerated air to becirculated around the freight to prevent hot spots, spoilage, etc. Theserequirements present substantial challenges to the conventional methodof simply loading pallets into a railcar with a forklift and placingthem on the floor of the railcar. One challenge in particular, asidefrom those noted above with regard to the confined space available for aforklift to operate in a railcar, is the efficient use of space forperishable items in refrigerated railcars, as perishable freight oftencannot be double stacked. Thus, more than half of the available space ina refrigerated railcar (the space above the pallets set on the floor ofthe railcar) goes unused.

Double stacking of palletized loads may occur when the products arelighter weight and can be stacked without crushing or damaging the firsttier of products or the products are not susceptible to weight relateddamage. In some instances, the products are crated or reinforced in somemanner to provide the necessary support for two-tier loading. Anothervariation employs the use of a second tier platform, which is placedover the first tier of pallets after they have been loaded. Typically,two pallets of products are placed side by side at one end of the car.Then, second tier platform sections are placed over the first tierspanning the distance between the two sidewalls of the car. Thesesections are supported by structural members extending to the floor atthe sidewalls of the car or attached directly to the sidewalls, thuseliminating any pressure on the bottom loads. This then enables a secondtier of pallets to be loaded on the platform constructed above the firsttwo pallets of products. However, current stacking methods risk damageto the cargo, either through human error where hand-stacking isinvolved, or through damage caused by the use of fork trucks to stackthe cargo into the railcar.

The second tier sections utilized to span the distance between theside-walls may include simple 2×10 lumber, common metal floor grating,or more elaborate designs involving drop down sections which foldagainst the side of the car when not in use. Most of the perishableproducts shipped in thermally controlled railcars are hand-stacked tomaintain uniform temperature control around the product. These productsare also often sensitive to weight limitations due to the delicatenature of the products and packaging involved. An exception would be theshipment of frozen products where air circulation is not as critical anddouble stacking of pallets may be feasible. This is because the frozenproducts are less susceptible to load crushing. However, some palletizedloads are being shipped either in a single-tier configuration inside therefrigerated freight car or by double-tiering the loads as previouslydiscussed. This occurs when temperature control around the product isless sensitive (i.e., frozen products) or when load crushing is not anissue with the products involved. Cardboard slip-sheets are often usedin place of common wood pallets to minimize load damage and minimizeexpense to the shipper. Pallets constructed of other materials andheights may also be used as required.

Two tier loading is accomplished in the same manner as describedpreviously with palletized or slip sheeted loads handled individually inand out of the freight car with the use of manually operated forktrucks. However, this system has the disadvantages previously discussed.Thus, a need exists for an efficient system for palletized loading of arailcar that is adaptable to refrigerated or dry cargo, makes efficientuse of the space in the railcar, and facilitates loading and unloadingwithout damaging the cargo:

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose and advantages of the present invention will be set forth inand apparent from the description that follows, as well as will belearned by practice of the invention. Additional advantages of theinvention may be realized or obtained by the methods and systemsparticularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof,as well as from the appended drawings.

It is an object of embodiments of the invention to provide an efficientcentralized cargo transfer system. It is a further object of embodimentsof the invention to provide an apparatus that can be used to facilitatethe transfer of cargo on and off railcars. It is a further object of theinvention to provide a system to facilitate the transfer of palletizedcargo on and off of railcars without damage to the cargo. A particularobject of embodiments of the invention is a palletized cargo system thatfacilitates loading and unloading without the need for a fork truck tohandle individual cargo containers. These and other objects may beachieved through embodiments of the invention as described herein.

In one exemplary embodiment of the invention, a system for loading arailcar may be provided. The exemplary system may generally include atiered rack having a base tier, a support framework extending upwardfrom the base tier, and a second tier adjustably attached to the supportframework above the first tier. The system may further include aplurality of lower frame support members positioned longitudinallyacross the bottom of the base tier, and a plurality of pneumaticallyactuated rollers spaced to cooperatively engage the plurality of lowerframe support members, the rollers being selectively extendable from aplurality of raised tracks positioned longitudinally along a floor ofthe railcar, where the rollers are configured to pneumatically extendpast an upper surface of the track when actuated.

In another exemplary embodiment of the invention, a method for bulkloading a railcar without a forklift entering the railcar may beprovided. The method may generally include bulk loading a two tieredrack with cargo, transporting the loaded two tiered rack through aloading opening of a railcar with a forklift; and setting the loaded twotiered rack onto a plurality of raised tracks positioned on a floor ofthe railcar with the forklift, while supporting wheels of the forkliftremain outside of the railcar. The exemplary method may further includemoving the loaded two tiered rack from the loading opening to a positionproximate an end of the railcar, the moving being conducted on aplurality of pneumatically extendable rollers extending from theplurality of raised tracks. The method may further include securing theloaded two tiered rack in the railcar by retracting the extendablerollers to allow the loaded two tiered rack to statically rest on theraised tracks for transport.

In another exemplary embodiment of the invention, an adjustable rack forsupporting multiple tiers of cargo in a railcar may be provided. Theexemplary adjustable rack may include a rigid structurally supportingbase member having fork pockets on a first and second sides thereof, andan upright support framework extending upward from the base member. Asecond tier may be adjustably attached to the support framework abovethe base member, and an air permeable wire mesh cargo support member maybe positioned to cover an upper surface of the second tier and an uppersurface of the base member. The rack may further include an airpermeable theft prevention mesh layer attached to the support frameworkon at least the first or second sides of the rack and substantiallycovering a vertical surface of each of the first and second sides.Additionally, a plurality of substantially planar structural memberspositioned on a lower side of the base member may be provided, where theplurality of substantially planar structural members being configured toengage a corresponding number of rollers positioned on a floor of arailcar.

It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description andthe following detailed description are exemplary and are intended toprovide further explanation of the invention claimed. The accompanyingdrawings, which are incorporated in and constitute part of thisspecification, are included to illustrate and provide a furtherunderstanding of the features and embodiments of the invention. Togetherwith the description, the drawings serve to explain the principles ofembodiments of the invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIGS. 1A and 1B are representations of a central transfer facility inaccordance with an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 2A is a side view of an embodiment of a movable transfer dock inaccordance with the present invention.

FIG. 2B is a top plan view of an embodiment of a movable transfer dockin accordance with the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a side view of a door of an embodiment of a movable transferdock in accordance with the present invention.

FIG. 4A is one side view of an embodiment of a conveyor means andpalletized cargo container in accordance with the present invention.

FIG. 4B is another side view of the embodiment of the conveyor means andpalletized cargo container in accordance with the present invention asdepicted in FIG. 4A.

FIG. 5A is a representation of a movable transfer dock in use at acentral transfer facility in accordance with an embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 5B is a representation of a movable transfer dock in use at acentral transfer facility in accordance with an embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 5C is a representation of a movable transfer dock in use at acentral transfer facility in accordance with an embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIGS. 6A-6D are embodiments of the present invention depicting a meansfor temporarily securing the movable transfer dock to at least one ofthe railcars.

FIG. 7 illustrates an exemplary tiered loading rack of the invention.

FIGS. 8A, 8B and 8C illustrate a schematic methodology for an exemplaryloading process of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

It is to be understood that the following disclosure provides manydifferent embodiments, or examples, for implementing different featuresof various embodiments. Specific examples of components and arrangementsare described below to simplify the present disclosure. These are, ofcourse, merely examples and are not intended to be limiting. Inaddition, the present disclosure may repeat reference numerals and/orletters in the various examples. This repetition is for the purpose ofsimplicity and clarity and does not in itself dictate a relationshipbetween the various embodiments and/or configurations discussed.Moreover, the formation of a first feature over or on a second featurein the description that follows may include embodiments in which thefirst and second features are formed in direct contact, and may alsoinclude embodiments in which additional features may be formedinterposing the first and second features, such that the first andsecond features may not be in direct contact.

Additionally, in the following, reference is made to various exemplaryembodiments of the invention. However, it should be understood that theinvention is not limited to any of the specifically described exemplaryembodiments. Rather, the invention may include any combination of thefeatures and elements described herein, whether related to differentembodiments. Furthermore, various exemplary embodiments of the inventionprovide numerous advantages over the prior art. However, although thevarious exemplary embodiments of the invention may achieve advantagesover other possible solutions and/or over the prior art, whether or nota particular advantage is achieved by a given embodiment is not limitingof the invention. Thus, the following aspects, features, embodiments andadvantages are merely illustrative and are not considered elements orlimitations of the appended claims except where explicitly recited in aclaim(s). Likewise, reference to “the invention” shall not be construedas a generalization of any exemplary inventive subject matter disclosedherein and shall not be considered to be an element or limitation of theappended claims except where explicitly recited in a claim(s).

Embodiments of the invention presented herein may be used forcentralized cargo transfer. Exemplary embodiments of the presentinvention are particularly suited for centralized cargo transfer betweenrail and truck transport vehicles. For purpose of explanation andillustration, and not limitation, an exemplary embodiment of the systemin accordance with the invention is shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B and isdesignated generally by reference character 10.

As shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, the exemplary system 10 is generallydescribed as system for centralized transfer of cargo to and from trucktrailers and railcars. The system 10 comprises a first railway 1 toaccommodate railcars 2. It will be understood that the reference torailcars 2 may also include boxcars. In practice, the first railway 1 islikely to be any of the numerous rail lines currently used to transportgoods or cargo. In addition, the first railway 1 may be a separaterailway into and/or out of a loading station at some rail depot.Accordingly, the rails cars 2 may be coupled together as part of alonger train, or may be individual cars that have been decoupled andmoved to a separate rail line for loading or unloading before beingre-coupled to the train. In addition, the railcars 2 may be any type ofrailcar suitable for the transport of goods, including withoutlimitation, refrigerated railcars. The system 10 further comprises astaging area 3. The staging area 3 is typically a large area that abutsthe rail depot to allow multiple trucks and other cargo-carryingvehicles to drive up for loading and unloading. In the presentembodiment, trucks 4 back up onto the staging area 3 and unhitch theircargo-carrying trailers 5 for loading and unloading. The system 10further comprises a second railway 6 positioned between the firstrailway 1 and the staging area 3 to accommodate a movable transfer dock20. The movable transfer dock 20 will be described in further detailbelow. In an exemplary embodiment, although not necessarily, the secondrailway 6 is wider than the first railway 1 and comprises two outsiderails for engagement with the wheels of the transfer dock 20, and acenter hot rail 7 for maintaining an electrical connection between apower source and the transfer dock 20. The transfer dock 20 is movablealong the second railway 6 between trucks 4 in the staging area 3 andthe appropriate railcar 2. In accordance with the present embodiment,cargo 8 is transferred via the transfer dock 20 between trucks 4 and theappropriate railcar 1.

A detailed description of a transfer according to an embodiment of thepresent invention is provided below with reference to FIGS. 5A-5C. FIGS.2A and 2B depict an embodiment of a movable transfer dock 120 inaccordance with the present invention. The movable transfer dock 120 isbut one embodiment of many movable transfer dock embodiments that arewithin the scope of the present invention and in accordance with theclaims. In the present embodiment, the movable transfer dock 120comprises a movable platform 110 having a plurality of wheels or rollers112 there under to support the platform 110 on a plurality of rails 6 a,6 b. In an exemplary embodiment, although not necessarily, the platform110 is approximately 80-85 feet long and 30-34 feet wide. It should beapparent, however, that the platform 110 could be built to any size,such as to accommodate the intended cargo or the space available at thetransfer facility wherein it is to be used or to facilitate theefficient loading or unloading of cargo and/or cargo containers. In oneembodiment, the transfer dock 120 includes a drive motor 114 mountedbeneath the platform 110 for moving the transfer dock 120 along therailway 6. The drive motor 114 is coupled to some plurality of thewheels or rollers 112 via a transmission known in the art. In yetfurther embodiments, the transfer dock includes a pressurized air source116, whose utility and advantages will be described in detail below withrespect to FIGS. 4A and 4B. The present embodiment of the transfer dock120 further comprises an enclosure unit 121. The enclosure unit 121 isassembled to the platform 110 and comprises a plurality of side and endwalls and a roof. The enclosure unit 121 further comprises a pluralityof doors 118 receiving and depositing cargo. In an exemplary embodiment,although not necessarily, the doors 118 are approximately 12-14 feetwide, depending upon whether the door 118 is to open adjacent a truck 4or a railcar 2. Other design criteria may also be used in creating thedoors 118 without limitation of the present invention. The enclosureunit 121 may also include one or more personnel doors 122 for the entryand exit of personnel working within the transfer dock 120.

In another embodiment of the transfer dock 120, the enclosure unit 121includes a cooling unit 124 (depicted by dotted lines in FIG. 2B) suchas an air conditioner or refrigeration unit. This embodiment isespecially suited for the transfer of refrigerated or frozen goodsbetween refrigerated trucks and refrigerated railcars. In thisembodiment, the entire transfer dock 120 may comprise one or more layersof insulation.

Referring to FIG. 3, to further conserve energy and maintain thetemperature within the enclosure unit 121, the unit may be fitted withexpandable seals 126 about the periphery of the doors 118. Theexpandable seals can be positioned to create a seal between the door 118and a corresponding opening of a truck 4 or railcar 2. The curtain seals118 can be expanded or retracted via air pressure from a pressurized airsource 116. Alternatively, the curtain seals 118 may be connected to anoutside pressure source at the depot wherein feeder lines running alongthe rails of the depot are hooked up to the transfer dock. The airpressure source 116 may also be used for charging railcar air brakesystems or for pressurized car cleaning applications. In yet furtherembodiments, the transfer dock 120 might include a back-up indicator128. The back-up indicator 128 of the present embodiment includes asensor that triggers an audible alarm if a truck 4 backs up too close tothe transfer dock 120. The transfer dock 120 might also include a rampextension 130 that may extend out from the door 118 to engage theunloading or loading end of the truck 4. The ramp extension 130 may bemanually operable, or might be mechanically operable through, forexample, hydraulic or pneumatic jacks or a motor. The transfer dock 120could also include bumpers 132. In an exemplary embodiment, the bumpers132 are made of a resilient elastomeric material such as rubber and aremounted to the platform 110 in the area of the doors 118.

Referring again to FIG. 2A, the transfer dock 120 might comprise one ormore video cameras 134. The video camera 134 can be, although is notnecessarily, mounted onto or adjacent the exterior of the roof portionof the enclosure unit 121. The video camera 134 can be used to monitorthe area surrounding the transfer dock 120 so that an operator on theinside of the enclosure unit 121 can operate the motor 114 to safelydrive the transfer dock 120. The camera 134 may also be used for othersafety or security purposes, such as to ensure that personnel are not onthe tracks 6 in the vicinity of a moving transfer dock 120. The camera134 could also be mounted within the enclosure unit 121 to monitor theactivity of personnel while they are loading or unloading the transferdock 120. In an exemplary embodiment, the camera 134 is connected via avideo connection to monitors within the enclosure unit 121. Inalternative embodiments, signal may be sent from a transmitter coupledto the camera 134 to monitors at a coordinating station 9 at thetransfer depot (see FIG. 1). In alternative embodiments of the presentinvention, the transfer dock may be provided without an enclosure unit.Referring to FIGS. 4A and 4B, in this embodiment, the transfer dock 220is essentially an open movable platform 210. In an exemplary embodiment,the platform 210 comprises a base 201 having a top surface that includesa pre-cast concrete floor 202. The top surface floor might also beconstructed of metal or some form of composite material.

In an exemplary embodiment, the base 201 comprises a metal frameworkfacilitating attachment of drive motors or other drive mechanisms and aconveyor means. The base may also include mechanisms for raising orlowering sections of or the floor 202. This ensures a level surfacebetween the transfer dock surface and an interior railcar floor formoving specialized cargo containers in or out of the car. In general,the transfer dock further comprises a conveyor means 203 forfacilitating movement of cargo or cargo containers. In addition,according to another aspect of the invention, railcars are outfittedwith the herein described conveyor means. In one embodiment, theconveyor means for facilitating comprises a plurality of intersectingrunners. In further embodiments, the conveyor means might comprise aplurality of mechanized conveyors, such as conveyor belts. In yetanother embodiment, the conveyor means comprises a plurality ofintersecting rollers that can be selectively raised above the surface ofthe floor using pneumatic pressure from a pressurized air source below.

The system according to the present invention could also include the useof palletized cargo containers 230 for storing cargo. The palletizedcargo containers allow maximum efficient use of space within therailcars and on the transfer dock. In addition, the palletized cargocontainers help secure loads during shipment, minimizing load damage,and provide means for stacking cargo without crushing the loads. In anexemplary embodiment, the containers are configured to handle eight (8)pallets of freight with individual load dimensions of 40″×48″×60″. Thepallets are stacked four (4) pallets on top of each other utilizing asecondary tier or platform 231 within the container to separate theloads. The containers are specifically adapted and may be manufacturedfrom a metal, such as aluminum, iron or steel, or constructed entirelyor in part using various composite materials or alloys. The containers230 may also be coated with a protective covering for ease of cleaningand to prevent rust. The container 230 can be configured in a variety ofways to address specific needs of the shipper and to fit a specific typeof boxcar selected for shipment. The container can be constructed in avariety of ways and with a variety of materials, again depending on thespecific needs of the shipper or the type of boxcar equipment used.Basically the container is cube shaped having two side walls 232 (onenot shown in FIG. 4B) to restrict the lateral motion of the palletizedproducts during shipment. These side walls 232 face each side of the carwhen loaded. The other two sides of the container 230 are open tofacilitate loading of palletized products on the bases 233 and one ormore tiers 231 that are arranged at heights specific to the height ofthe palletized loads. The tier(s) 231 can be fixed or adjustabledepending on load configurations and customer requirements. The top ofthe container 230 is open.

The two open ends of the container 230 face each end of the car whenloaded. The longitudinal movement of the palletized loads 308 isrestricted either by the car ends or by products in adjacent containers.In practice, a restraint device may be used at the center of the car torestrain the two centermost containers 230 and palletized loads 308since there will be a small gap in the railcar to facilitate loading andunloading of the containers. Once this device is in place, then thecontainers will extend from one end of the car and will not be able tomove longitudinally in the railcar. A common floor 233 is provided as abase for the container. This is used to support and secure the two sidewalls 232 of the container 230, and may be used to support and secure acentral cross frame 235 that is also used support and secure the sidewalls 232. The cross frame 235 may also used to support and securesubsequent tiers 231 for load stacking.

The bottom of the base 233 can be solid or have runner strips attachedwhich will contact the conveyor means 203. The top of the base 233 caneither be solid or grated to support the lower stack of palletizedproducts 308. Subsequent platforms 231 can also be solid or grateddepending on the product requirements. The top of the container is opento facilitate placement of palletized loads on the uppermost tier of thecontainer.

Generally, a standard configuration of the container will include a base233 and a second tier including a platform 231 for loading of palletizedproducts 308. The pallets will be of a standard 40″ by 48″ dimension andwill be approximately 60″ in height when loaded with products. Fourpallets will be placed on the lower tier of the container and four moreon the second tier for a total of eight pallet loads per container.

Because the conveyor means 203 allows easy movement of the containers230, it is unnecessary to access the cargo 308 directly via a forkliftor other device. This minimizes potential damage to the cargo 308. Inaddition, the essentially open structure of the container 230 in anexemplary embodiment allows greater air circulation to cool the cargo308 in a refrigerated environment. Finally, the size of the container230 is adapted to efficiently fit within a railcar but at the same timehold cargo pallets 308 that are adapted to fit within a truck trailer.This novel feature ensures efficiency of both rail and road transport.

The transfer dock might also include some means for temporarily securingthe transfer dock in place. In one embodiment, depicted in FIG. 6, thetransfer dock might include pins that engage bores on the side of therailcars for stabilizing the transfer dock.

Referring to FIGS. 5A-5C, the operation of an embodiment of the systemof the present invention will now be described. Although the system isdescribed herein with respect to the transfer of cargo from rail totruck, the present system is adaptable to transfer from truck to rail,or even from rail to rail without departing from the scope of the claimsof the invention. In FIG. 5A, a railcar 302 is filled with cargo 308stored in palletized cargo containers 330. Trucks 304 are awaitingloading in the staging area 303. Between the staging area 303 and therailcar 302 is a railway 306 with a movable transfer dock 320 thereon.The transfer dock 320 comprises a means 315 for facilitating movement ofcargo, such as runners or rollers as described in detail above.Forklifts 340 are also available for moving the cargo 308 over thetransfer dock 320. In FIG. 5B, the palletized cargo containers 330 havebeen removed from the car 302 and move along the facilitating means 315to a desired position on the transfer dock 320. Forklifts 340 removecargo 308 from the containers 330 for loading onto the trucks 304.

In FIG. 5C, the forklifts 340 have transferred some of the cargo 308into the trucks 304. As can be seen from this depiction, varied cargo308 may be transported via the railcars 302 and efficiently transferredto a plurality of trucks 304. When trucks 304 have been filled, or oncecar 302 has been emptied, the containers 330 can either be reloaded ormoved as empties back into the railcar 302 for reverse shipment. Thetransfer dock 320 can then be disengaged from the railcar 302 and movedalong the railway 306 to the next appropriate railcar spot foradditional loading and unloading. Accordingly, efficient transfer ofcargo between rail and truck is achieved.

FIGS. 6A-6D depict an embodiment of the present invention disclosing aparticular means for temporarily securing the movable transfer dock toat least one of the railcars. In this embodiment, the transfer dock 420comprises a pivotal extension 450 connected at its distal end 451 to thetransfer dock 420 via a jack 460 and pivotally connected at its oppositeend 452 to the transfer dock 420. The jack 460 may be a hydraulic orpneumatic jack, or other mechanical mechanism for pivoting the pivotalextension 450. In the case of a hydraulic jack, the jack 460 isconnected to the pressurized air source described above. The distal end451 of the pivotal extension 450 also comprises a lip portion 453 whichdefines a groove 454 which may run along the length of the outerperiphery of the extension 450.

According to an exemplary, the railcar 402 is outfitted with a lipportion 470 defining a groove 474 oppositely oriented to the lip portion453 of the transfer dock 420. For instance, whereas the lip portion 453of the transfer dock 420 defines an upwardly open groove 454 when theextension is fully pivoted, the railcar 402 has an oppositely (that is,downwardly) oriented groove 474. In this manner, the transfer dockextension lip portion 453 may be engaged in the railcar groove 474,while the railcar lip portion 470 may be engaged in the transfer dockextension groove 454.

When the transfer dock 420 is proximate the railcar 402, the jack 460operates to pivot the extension 450 into a planar position with the topsurface of the transfer dock 420 (see FIGS. 6B and 6C). Once theextension 450 is fully pivoted, another jack 480 connected to a pressuresource (such as, for example, the pressurized air source described aboveif pneumatic jacks are utilized) raises the entire surface of thetransfer dock so that the respective lip and groove portions areengaged. Thus, the transfer dock 420 is temporarily secured to therailcar 402. The process can be reversed (that is, the transfer dock 420lowered and the extension 450 retracted) for disengaging the transferdock 420 from the railcar 402. In alternative embodiments, the extension450 may be provided without being pivotally connected. According to thatembodiment, the lip portion and groove are thus permanently oriented forengagement with the railcar upon raising of the transfer dock 420.

In another exemplary embodiment of the invention, a specializedcontainer used for transporting temperature sensitive freight in arefrigerated railcar is provided. The specialized container, which isgenerally referred to herein as a tiered rack, is generally capable ofhandling unit loads that may be stacked on either standard pallets, slipsheets (which allow for approximately 10% more product to be loaded inthe same space when compared to pallet loads), or other spacing materialusing a tiered arrangement separating the unit loads. FIG. 7 illustratesan exemplary tiered rack 700 of the invention. The tiered rack 700includes a base frame member 702, which may be square or rectangle inshape, where the shape may be determined by the size of the railcar orother transportation medium in which the tiered rack 700 is to betransported. However, the shape of the container is contemplated asbeing any shape and is not limited to square or rectangular shapes.

The base frame member 702 has a generally rigid upstanding structuralsupport framework 704, 706 extending therefrom. The framework 704, 706,which can be any form of structural framework used to support a load, isconfigured to support a second tier base 708. Both the first and secondtier bases 702, 708 may include a perforated, mesh, or other airpermeable means of supporting weight 710 positioned thereon. Although anair permeable support floor for each tier base 702, 708 may be used,solid flooring may also be used in some embodiments. In one exemplaryembodiment of the invention, the rack 700 may use a metal wire mesh tosupport weight on each of the first and second tiers 702, 708, as shownin FIG. 7. The base 702 may also include lower frame support members 714positioned below the mesh 710, and these lower frame support members 714are generally spaced and positioned to cooperate with pneumaticallyactuated rollers (further discussed herein) positioned in or on thefloor of railcars.

At least one of the upstanding sides of the rack 700 may also include amesh 722, which may operate to prevent theft of cargo from a railcar(the mesh 722 prevents side access to the freight in the event that aside door of a railcar is opened by an unauthorized person). Theadjacent sides 720 of the rack 700 are generally open to facilitateloading and unloading of the tiers 702, 708. Thus, in at least oneembodiment, two opposing sides of the rack 700 may be closed by mesh,while the other two opposing sides are open and accessible for loading.In yet another embodiment, one side of the rack 700 may be closed bymesh, while the other three sides are open and accessible. Additionally,the base frame member 702 generally includes fork slots 716 configuredto receive the forks of a forklift to lift and move the rack 700.

In another exemplary embodiment of the invention, the second tier basemember 708 may be adjustably attached to the upstanding supportframework 704, 706 so that the height of the second tier base 708 may beadjusted to receive varying sizes of cargo on the first or second tiers702, 708. The adjustment of the height of the second tier may be througha nut and bolt arrangement, a pin and hole arrangement, a slotted frameand pinned tier member arrangement, or any other mechanical means(generally known in the freight or warehousing industry) that may beused to quickly adjust the height of the second tier. In one exemplaryembodiment of the invention, the height of the second tier may bepneumatically adjusted. Additionally, if desired, additional tiers maybe added to the support framework 704 to allow for stacking ofadditional tiers (third, forth, etc.) of cargo.

In one exemplary loading configuration, 8 unit loads (a unit load may bedefined as a 4 ft by 4 ft pallet stacked to between 4 and 5 feet tall)may be carried on a single rack 700. In this exemplary configuration, 4unit loads may be placed on the lower level and 4 unit loads are placedon the second level of the rack 700, thereby separating loads on thelower level from those on the second level, i.e., the loads on thesecond level are not supported in any way by the loads on the firstlevel. This separation prevents crushing of products including the unitload that may have height restrictions for stacking due to the weight ofthe product and the structural integrity of product packaging (which isagain where the adjustability of the height of the second tier of thepresent exemplary embodiment is useful). The exemplary rack 700 alsoenables full utilization of previously unused freight car capacity.Additional container (levels) may be added depending on theconfiguration of unit loads.

The configuration of rack 700 also provides for air flow around theindividual loads in a refrigerated transportation environment. Moreparticularly, the mesh support 710 allows cold air distributed from aconventional refrigeration unit located on a first end of a railcar totravel through the existing air plenum running the length of the car,generally at the top of the car, to the other opposing end of therailcar. Further, using the rack 700, the cool air is allowed to fallthrough a series of holes located at the bottom of the air plenum (atthe top of the car) around each of the loads as the air travels thelength of the railcar in the plenum. Thus, rack 700 allows for each(pallet) of the entire load on the rack 700 to be enveloped with coldair around the top, sides, and bottom of both the first and secondtiers, which operates to eliminate hot spotting of products and productdegradation and spoilage during shipment.

The rack 700 provides for load securement during rail transit with themesh sides 722 of the rack 700 preventing shifting of unit loads againstthe side wall of the freight car. This may occur when the car is inmotion resulting in lateral movement of the unit load, which oftenresults on communication of heat present in the side walls of therailcar to the load. In situations where the cargo is perishable, suchas food products, the load contact with the sidewall of the railcar cancause a hot spot or spoilage of the product in the area of the contactwith the sidewall. The rack 700 securement sides 722 prevents loads fromcontacting the side wall of the car which may result in possibletemperature variation within the product. The mesh sides 722 alsoprevent shifted loads from contacting the interior side wall of therailcar and potentially obstructing container movement in the car duringthe unloading process or causing damage to the side wall of the railcar.Load security can be further enhanced by placing screen mesh along thesides of the container positioned in the doorway of the car therebypreventing pilferage and product theft if the freight car door is openedduring transit (as noted above) or left unsecured at a loading docklocation. This is a particularly important feature in areas where loadsecurity is a major shipping concern, such as in foreign countries orareas prone to crime.

The rack 700 also provides load securement longitudinally in the railcarpreventing loads potentially shifting from one end of the car to theother during transit. This is accomplished through the loading processwhereby racks 700 are positioned against each end of the car and againsteach other on the load sides. The racks 700 generally extend beyond aperimeter of the load being carried on the racks 700, and as such, eventhough the rack 700 may be secured against the end of the railcar, thefreight will not touch the wall of the railcar. In another embodiment ofthe invention, bump stops may be positioned near the end of the railcarto prevent the rack from being placed directly in contact with an endwall of the railcar.

The racks 700 are essentially locked in position end to end within thefreight car with the exception of a small remaining unoccupied spacebetween two racks 700, if desired. The space may be located near thecenter of the car between the racks 700 last loaded at the door oraccess way. After loading is complete, the remaining space may be filledwith an inflatable air bag common to rail and truck transit. The air bagis positioned between the load sides of the racks 700 located near thedoor opening and inflated against the load sides of the doorway racks700 to keep all loads from moving in the car once the air bag isinflated. The air bag also ensures there is no high volume cold air dropover the unoccupied space which may reduce the amount of air moving anddropping over loads positioned toward an end of the car. The air bag canthen be deflated and removed to facilitate unloading of racks 700 oncethe freight car reaches destination.

The rack 700 is configured to be used in conjunction with a floormounted pneumatic roller track system that enables the rack 700 to bemoved longitudinally in the car after being placed in the center of thecar at the door opening. When actuated, the track rollers extend fromthe floor of the railcar and contact the base of the rack 700 alongmultiple runners 714 which extend longitudinally across the base 702from one load side to the other. The load runners 714, as noted above,are generally configured to match the spacing and positioning of floortrack roller system layout and provide a contact surface with therollers for moving containers longitudinally in the car.

Additionally, the runners that contain the rollers are generallyattached to the floor of the railcar (or otherwise extend upwardtherefrom if positioned in the floor), and as such, the runnerscontaining the rollers generally create an air plenum between the floorof the railcar and top of the runner that is useful in facilitating therefrigeration airflow within the railcar. The plenum or space betweenthe tops of the runners and the floor of the railcar enables cold air toenvelop the bottom of the loads and minimizes rack weight to providemore product load capacity in the railcar. In addition, the rack 700 androller track design facilitate air movement under the rack 700 back tothe refrigeration unit with minimal railcar modification. For example, arefrigeration unit may be placed at one end of a railcar and maydistribute cool air through a plenum along the top of the railcar. Theplenum formed at the bottom of the railcar between the floor and the topof the runners may be used as a return air path for the air circulatedthrough the railcar to return to the end of the car having therefrigeration unit. This recycling of air is necessary for efficientcooling and is helpful to refrigerated transit. The rack 700 design isalso capable of working with fixed roller systems inside the railcarwith the runner configuration adapted to the roller layout.

The rack 700 has been designed with fork pockets 716 running laterallyacross the base of the rack 700 from one securement side to the other.These fork pockets 716 have been engineered and positioned to enable ahigh capacity fork truck to engage the base of the rack 700 from eithersecurement side and position the forks under the first level of the rack700. When this is accomplished, the fork truck mast is tilted back (ifnecessary) to allow for deflection of the forks and to keep the load ina level position for a vertical lift. This allows the rack 700 to thenbe moved by the high capacity fork truck for placement, which isgenerally either into the railcar for shipment or out of the railcaronto the loading dock for product distribution.

FIGS. 8A, 8B and 8C illustrate a schematic methodology for an exemplaryloading process of the invention. At step 801, an exemplary tiered rack700 may be loaded with up to 8 pallets (or slip sheets) of freight. Theloading may be conducted at a remote location or on a loading dockadjacent a railcar. Once the tiered rack 700 is loaded with freight, thetiered rack 700 is transported to the railcar, generally with aforklift. However, the forklift does not enter the railcar to deliverthe rack 700. Rather, as illustrated at step 803, a pneumaticallyactuated roller system is activated to cause a plurality of rollers 804to extend from a roller track 807. The rollers 804 may be cylindrical,thus allowing for only linear movement of the rack 700 there over, oralternatively, the rollers 804 may be spherical and contained in asemispherical housing that allows the spherical roller to move in anyrotational direction. With the spherical rollers, the rack 700 may bemoved in any direction over the rollers 804. The track 807 is generallybetween 1 and 6 inches tall and may be positioned on top of the floor ofa railcar, or at least partially recessed into the floor of a railcar ifdesired. The track 807 generally extends longitudinally along the entirelength of the interior of the railcar, however embodiments of theinvention are not limited to configurations where the track 807 extendsthe full length of the railcar. Rather, any length, number, spacing,height, etc. of tracks may be used without departing from the scope ofthe invention.

Additionally, in a standard railcar, there may be between 3 and 10 (ormore) of the tracks 807. Additionally, in embodiments where there aremultiple tracks 807, not all tracks 807 may be configured with rollers804 (some tracks may simply be spacers or load supports and may also notextend the full length of the railcar). The rollers 804 are generallyactuated by pneumatic pressure, as railcars generally operate on a airpressure based braking system, which presents an available source ofactivation for the rollers 804. However, the invention is not limited tousing the rail car air supply as the source for the pneumatic actuation,as any available source may be used to actuate the pneumatics.Additionally, a switch or valve may be positioned on or in the railcarto activate (extend) and deactivate (retract) the rollers 804 asrequired. The switch of valve may be positioned proximate the railcardoor or loading access area to allow for convenient access thereto.

The forklift delivering the rack 700 to the railcar for transport setsthe rack 700 inside the car on the rollers 804 (if extended) or on thetrack 807 (if the rollers are retracted). The rollers 804 may then beextended and the rack 700 may be moved toward either end of the railcar.The rack 700 may generally be moved in the car manually, however,embodiments of the invention contemplate that the rollers 804 may beselectively driven to allow for movement of racks 700 within therailcar. For example, the rollers 804 may be pneumatically orelectrically driven to allow for movement of the racks 700 within therailcar. The driven movement of the rollers 804 may be controlled by aswitch or control panel accessible to an operator or load crew of therailcar.

The process of loading the racks 700 into the railcar generally includesloading successive racks 700 and moving the racks to one of the opposingends of the car. The racks 700 are positioned against a stop thatprevents the cargo or freight on the rack from touching the end of therailcar. Each successive rack 700 loaded may generally be positionedagainst the adjacent rack 700, however, the racks may be configured suchthat even through the racks are touching each other, there is still avertical air plenum or space between the freight on the respective racksto allow for refrigerated air to fall over each of the loads on theracks 700 and between the racks themselves.

Thus, it is apparent that one advantage provided by the rack 700 andexemplary methods of the invention is that the need for fork trucks tobe used inside the railcar for handling palletized or slip sheet loads,which is a common source of damage to the interior of rail equipment, iscompletely eliminated. Fork trucks or lifts lower the racks onto therollers or tracks containing the rollers without entering the railcar.Damage to railcars is generally due to the interior dimensions of therailcar and limited maneuverability of fork trucks operating inside, andthe damage routinely occurs to freight car sidewalls, end walls, doorframes, air plenums and roof sheets if the fork truck is not operatedproperly within the confined space limitations of the freight car. Theuse of the rack 700 and pneumatic roller system allows for bulk loading(up to 8 pallets at a time) of a railcar without a forklift or otherheavy machinery from ever entering the railcar, and thus, completelyeliminating damage to the railcar from forklifts, while also providing amore efficient method for loading railcars that provides a moreefficient flow of refrigerated air. The rack 700 also eliminates handstacking of loads in the car which is another typical method of loading.The latter process normally involves 2 or more workers working incombination with a fork truck driver who delivers loads to the door ofthe car and the car is then manually loaded by workers hand stackingproducts into the car. This is an expensive and time consuming processthat prevents other loading in the car from continuing until the manualloading process is completed. The rack 700 of the invention allows forworkers to load the racks 700 outside of the railcar and then a forkliftcan deliver the rack 700 to the railcar when the rack is fully loaded.This optimizes loading, as the remainder of the railcar can be loadedwith racks 700 while a single rack is hand loaded.

Rack 700 also enables product unit loads to be pre-loaded into the rack700 prior to the arrival of freight equipment (railcars) at thetrans-load dock (at the rail yard). Loaded racks 700 may be staged inpreparation for a railcar arrival and spotting. Previously loaded orempty racks may be removed from the rail-car and set aside on thetrans-load dock, while the staged pre-loaded racks are placed back intothe rail-car for shipment. Since the physical un-loading and re-loadingof the rail-car is done expeditiously, the rail equipment can be turnedmore quickly resulting in better utilization of the equipment asset.

The adjustability of the height of the second tier of the exemplary rackof the invention also provides several advantages not available inconventional shipping methods and apparatuses. For example, theadjustable height of the second tier allows for combination shipping ofitems that have previously been separated, thus maximizing the freightcarried in each railcar. For example, where 6ft tall refrigerators havebeen conventionally shipped alone (without additional freight in asingle car), as the refrigerators are not suitable for stacked loads tobe placed thereon, the rack of the present invention allows for smallerloads to be safely positioned on a second loading tier above therefrigerators without jeopardizing the integrity of the refrigerators.Thus, the space above the refrigerators that has conventionally beenwasted may be fully utilized via the apparatus and method of the presentinvention.

The foregoing outlines features of several embodiments so that thoseskilled in the art may better understand the aspects of the presentdisclosure. Those skilled in the art should appreciate that they mayreadily use the present disclosure as a basis for designing or modifyingother processes and structures for carrying out the same purposes and/orachieving the same advantages of the embodiments introduced herein.Those skilled in the art should also realize that such equivalentconstructions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the presentdisclosure, and that they may make various changes, substitutions andalterations herein without departing from the spirit and scope of thepresent disclosure.

What is claimed is:
 1. A system for loading a railcar, comprising: atiered rack having a base tier, a support framework extending from thebase tier, and a second tier adjustably attached to the supportframework; a plurality of lower frame support members positionedlongitudinally across the bottom of the base tier; and a plurality ofpneumatically actuated rollers spaced to cooperatively engage theplurality of lower frame support members, the rollers being selectivelyextendable from a plurality of raised tracks positioned longitudinallyalong a floor of the railcar, wherein the rollers are configured topneumatically extend past an upper surface of the track when actuatedand allow for linear motion thereover.
 2. The system of claim 1, whereinthe tiered rack further comprises an air permeable wire mesh positionedto support cargo on the base tier and the second tier.
 3. The system ofclaim 1, wherein the tiered rack further comprises a mesh side wall andopen cargo receiving ends.
 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the meshside wall further comprises at least two fork pockets configured toreceive the forks of a forklift therein to raise and support the tieredrack.
 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the second tier adjustablyattached to the support framework is configured to be adjusted toreceive varying heights of cargo on the base tier below the second tier.6. A method for bulk loading a railcar without a forklift entering therailcar, comprising: bulk loading a multi-tiered rack with cargo;transporting the loaded multi-tiered rack through a loading opening of arailcar with a forklift; positioning the loaded multi-tiered rack onto aplurality of raised tracks positioned on a floor of the railcar with theforklift, while supporting wheels of the forklift remain outside of therailcar; moving the loaded multi-tiered rack from a position proximatethe loading opening to a position within the railcar, the moving beingconducted on a plurality of pneumatically extendable rollers extendingfrom the plurality of raised tracks; and securing the loadedmulti-tiered rack in the railcar by retracting the extendable rollers toallow the loaded rack to rest on the raised tracks.
 7. The method ofclaim 6, wherein the pneumatically extendable rollers are extended whenthe loaded multi-tiered rack is positioned in the railcar.
 8. The methodof claim 6, wherein the multi-tiered rack comprises at least a firstbase tier and a second adjustably positioned tier above the first tier.9. The method of claim 8, wherein the first and second tiers areconfigured to be air permeable by having a wire mesh positioned thereonto support the cargo while allowing air to pass therethrough.
 10. Themethod of claim 9, wherein said multi-tiered rack includes a third tierpositioned above the second tier, the third tier also being airpermeable.
 11. In combination with a railcar, an adjustable rack forsupporting multiple tiers of cargo in the railcar, comprising: a rigidstructurally supporting base member having fork pockets on a sidethereof; an upright support framework extending upward from the basemember; a second tier adjustably attached to the support framework abovethe base member; an air permeable cargo support member positioned tocover an upper surface of the second tier and an upper surface of thebase member; an air permeable theft prevention layer attached to thesupport framework on at least the first or second sides of the rack andsubstantially covering a surface of each of the first and second sides;and a plurality of structural members positioned on a lower side of thebase member and configured to engage a corresponding number of rollerspositioned on a floor of the railcar.
 12. The adjustable rack of claim11, wherein the plurality of structural members are also configured toengage a corresponding number of raised track members positioned on thefloor of the railcar, said raised track members being configured tocontain the rollers, and means for selectively actuating the rollers toextend the rollers from the track to engage the plurality of structuralmembers.
 13. Apparatus for loading a box type railcar comprising: arailway, a loading area adjacent said railway, a guideway generallyparallel to said railway and extending through said loading area, atransfer dock having a cargo container thereon and movable along saidguideway to a loading position in the loading area for transfer of cargoto a railcar, said cargo container having a base and at least one tierthereabove for receiving a load to be transported by the railcar, andmeans for laterally transferring said cargo container as a unit fromsaid loading position into said railcar, whereby the load is transferredto the railcar in a single operation.
 14. The apparatus as claimed inclaim 13, wherein said guideway comprises a second railway, saidtransfer dock being movable along said second railway to said loadingposition.
 15. The apparatus as claimed in claim 13, wherein said meansfor laterally transferring said cargo container into said railcarcomprises a conveyor movable from said loading position laterally withrespect to said railway and into said railcar to transfer said load fromthe conveyor to the railcar.
 16. The apparatus as claimed in claim 15,wherein said conveyor includes a plurality of rollers movable toactivated positions projecting upwardly from a floor of said railcar topresent a roller track for lateral transfer of said load from saidloading position into the railcar, and subsequent deactivated positionswithdrawing said track.
 17. The apparatus as claimed in claim 15,wherein said conveyor includes runners in said railcar for receivingsaid cargo container.
 18. The apparatus as claimed in claim 15, whereinsaid conveyor includes a plurality of conveyor belts.
 19. Apparatus forloading a box type railcar comprising: a railway, a loading areaadjacent said railway, a guideway generally parallel to said railway andextending through said loading area, a transfer dock movable along saidguideway to a loading position alongside a railcar on said railway atthe loading area for transfer of palletized cargo to the railcar, saidtransfer dock including a cargo container having a base and at least onetier thereabove for receiving a palletized load positioned alongside arailcar at the transfer dock, and a conveyor for laterally transferringsaid cargo container as a unit from said loading position into saidrailcar, whereby the load is transferred to the railcar in a singleoperation.
 20. The apparatus as claimed in claim 19, wherein saidconveyor includes a plurality of rollers movable to activated positionsprojecting upwardly from a receiving surface of said transfer dock topresent a roller track for lateral transfer of said palletized load fromsaid loading position to the railcar, and subsequent deactivatedpositions withdrawn beneath said surface.
 21. Apparatus for loading abox type railcar comprising: a first railway, a loading area adjacentsaid railway, a second railway generally parallel to said first railwayand extending through said loading area, a transfer dock movable alongsaid second railway to a loading position alongside a railcar on saidfirst railway at the loading area for transfer of palletized cargo to acargo container and onto the railcar, said cargo container having a baseand at least one tier thereabove for receiving a palletized loadpositioned alongside a railcar at the transfer dock, and a conveyor forlaterally transferring said cargo container as a unit from said loadingposition into said railcar, whereby the load is transferred to therailcar in a single operation.